Fiqh & Usul al-Fiqh
How Islamic law is actually derived. The five rulings and their categories, the agreed sources — Qur’an, Sunna, ijmāʿ, qiyās — the contested ones such as istiḥsān and maṣlaḥa, the objectives of the law, and the distinct methodologies of the four Sunni schools presented side by side rather than one at a time.