Hadith Terminology
Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth — the critical vocabulary the scholars built to describe, grade and test prophetic reports. Isnād and matn, the five conditions of a ṣaḥīḥ ḥadīth, ḥasan and ḍaʿīf, tawātur against āḥād, and the hidden defects that only the specialists could see.